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Battery Terms

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There are 84 entries in the glossary.
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Term Definition
Ohm's Law

In a given electrical circuit, the amount of current in amperes (I) is equal to the pressure in volts (V)divided by the resistance, in ohms (R).

Ohm's law formulas:

To find Current I = V/R 

To find Voltage V = I x R

To find Resistance R = V/I

 
Open CircuitCondition of a battery which is neither on charge nor on discharge (i.e., disconnected from a circuit).
 
Open-Circuit VoltageThe voltage when a cell is not connected,when the circuit is open, no-load.
 
OxidationA chemical reaction that results in the release of electrons by an electrodes active material.
 
Parallel ConnectionA battery made of cells by connecting all positive terminals together and all negative terminals together. The voltage remains the same as the voltage of the individual cell. The current capacity is cumulative.
 
PolarityRefers to the charges residing at the terminals of a battery.
 
PolarizationThe voltage drop in a cell during discharge due to the flow of an electrical current. The cell's internal resistance increases with the build up of a product of oxidation or a reduction of an electrode, preventing further reaction.
 
Positive TerminalElectrons flow through acircuit to the positive terminal when a cell discharges.
 
Power ( P )

Defined by voltage (V) and current (I), P = VI.

Since V=IR, P=I2 R and P=V2 /R

Power also can be described by energy emitted per unit of time: P=E/t.

Thus E = VIt = qV.

 
Power Density ( Specific Power )Power density is the ratio of the power available from a battery to its volume (watt/liter). Specific power generally refers to the ratio of power to mass (watt/kg). Comparison of power to cell mass is more common.
 
Primary BatteryA battery made up of primary cells.
 
Primary CellA cell that is not rechargeable. Alkaline, lithium, and zinc air are common types of primarycells.
 
PrismaticCells that are not cylindrical, but fit nicely into a parallel piped or any other such flattened shape.
 
Rated CapacityAmpere-hours a cell can deliver based on rate of discharge, end voltage, temperature, ...
 
RechargeableCapable of being recharged. Refers to secondary cells or batteries.
 


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